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At the age of 17, Swedish Alfred Nobel spoke five languages fluently. Nobel became an 1 (invent）and businessman, and at the time of his death on December 10, 1896, he had 355 patents worldwide —— 2 of them was the patent on dynamite(炸药). Furthermore, he had started 87 companies all over the world. According to 3 will, Alfred Nobel's enormous fortune was to be used 4 (establish) prizes to award those 5 had done their best to benefit mankind in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901, five years 6 Nobel died. In 1969, another prize was added "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel".
The Nobel Laureates(获得者) 7 ( announce) at the beginning of October each year. A couple of months later, on December 10, 8 anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, they receive their prizes from the Swedish King —— a Nobel diploma, a medal, and 10 million Swedish crowns per prize. All Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, 9 for the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo, Norway. When Alfred Nobel was alive, Norway and Sweden were united under one monarch(君主), 10 1905 when Norway became an independent kingdom with its own king.
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