bad, badly
bad基本词意是“坏的”,“恶的”,可引申为多种词意,是形容词。如:
It is bad to steal. 偷窃是坏事。
What bad weather we are having! 多么讨厌的天气啊!
He is bad at translation. 他不擅于翻译。
That was a bad mistake. 那是个大错。
He had a bad headache. 他头痛得很厉害。
He had a bad time then. 那时他境况不好。
The meat has gone bad. 肉坏掉了。
badly词意是“坏地”,“恶劣地”,还表示“非常地”,“极度地”的意思,是副词。如:
He treated me badly. 他待我很不好。
The car is badly in need of repair. 汽车急需修理。
She went on working though her arm ached badly. 虽然她的手臂痛得很厉害,她仍坚持工作。
这两个词的比较级和最高级都是:worse,worst。
bank, beach, coast, shore, seaside
bank在多数场合,都指河的岸,由此转义变为河边的“堤防”的意味,又指河、湖、海当中堆积着的“土沙”。如:
The man kept the boat on the left bank. 那个人把船停泊在左岸。
They managed to keep back water by a bank of stone. 他们设法筑了一道石堤防水。
beach是“海(河、湖)滩”的意思,特指涨潮时有水,退潮时无水的部分,也可指湖和大河的“岸”。