动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。
根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类
(一)实义动词
1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词,表示动作或状态,在句中独立做谓语。及物动词后须跟宾语;不及物动词不跟宾语。
例:—What did you think of her speech?
—She _______for one hour but didn't ________ much.
A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say C. said; speak D. said; say
注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。
It is important for you to learn how to learn.
第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。
不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。
He is working hard at English.
2.按时限分实义动词又分成延续性动词和非延续性动词(短暂性动词)
延续性动词动作可以延续,可以与一段时间连用。如:live, study, work, stay, keep, have等。
非延续性动词(短暂性动词)动作瞬间完成,不能与一段时间连用。如:finish, come, open, bring, buy等。
例:The evening news comes on at seven o' clock and ________ only thirty minutes.
A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts