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[2022·³¤´ºÊиßÈýÄ£Äâ]The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1£¬600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses (·Å´ó¾µ) he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”£®

His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes (΢ÉúÎï).  Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rainwater, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.

Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this__legacy£®

In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way: “My work, which I've done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I thought it was my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed.”

1£®Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?

A£®A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology.

B£®A curious amateur who made pioneering studies of microbes.

C£®A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease.

D£®A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery.

2£®The underlined phrase “this legacy” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________£®

A£®the discovery of microbes

B£®Pasteur's theory of disease

C£®Leeuwenhoek's contribution

D£®the origin of the tiny organism

3£®What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest?

A£®He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.

B£®He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.

C£®He was greatly concerned with improving people's living conditions.

D£®He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.

4£®What is the correct order for the following events?

a£®Magnifying lenses were built.

b£®The “theory of disease” was put forward.

c£®Microbes were discovered in samples of water.

d£®Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed.

e£®Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.

A£®a­d­c­e­b.    B£®d­a­c­e­b.

C£®a­c­d­b­e.    D£®d­a­e­b­c.