Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022·汕头高三检测)If you stop a random person on the street in China, there's a pretty good chance that their surname would be either Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu or Chen.That's because those are the five most common surnames in China — shared by 30% of the population.And the vast majority of the population share just 100 of those surnames.In comparison, the United States reported 6.3 million surnames in its 2010 census.
There are a few reasons for this: China is less racially diverse than countries such as the US, where a wealth of minority groups increase surname diversity (多样性)．It also has to do with language; you can't just add a random stroke (音节) to a Chinese character and create a new surname.
But there's also another factor at play: technology.With China roaring into the digital age, nearly everything has moved online — from making appointments to buying train tickets.
The main problem is that not all Chinese characters have been coded into computer systems.That meant a world of trouble if you happened to have a rare character in your name.As of 2017, up to 60 million Chinese citizens faced this problem, according to Xinhua.
People with rare characters in their names, which aren't compatible(兼容的) with existing computer systems, can get left behind — pushing many to change their names for the sake of convenience, even if it means abandoning centuries of heritage and languages.
To try to address this, experts have increased the database from 32,000 characters to 70,000 characters, according to the government.They're still working to expand it to include more than 90,000 characters, said Chen Jiawei, an associate professor at Beijing Normal University.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国汉语言文化中的姓氏文化。
1．What can be learned from the comparison according to Paragraph 1?
A．There are fewer common surnames in China.
B．Chinese people like sharing the same surname.
C．The United States owns the most surnames in the world.
D．6.3 million surnames in China have been shared until now.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可推知，在中国普通姓氏较少。
2．Which one describes surname diversity properly?
A．New Chinese surnames are easy to create.
B．Surname diversity totally depends on technology.
C．Minority groups can increase surname diversity.
D．Surnames in computer systems are regularly changed.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，少数民族可以增加姓氏的多样性。
3．What may happen to people with rare characters in their names?
A．They will lose their heritage.
B．They have to change their names.
C．They should expand the database.
D．They may upgrade computer systems.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，名字里有罕见字符的人可能不得不改名字。
4．Why have experts increased the character database?
A．To save heritage and languages.
B．To keep Chinese traditional culture.
C．To give people more choices when naming.
D．To let us know more Chinese characters.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，此处this“这个问题”，应是倒数第二段中提到的“名字里有罕见字符”。由此推知，专家增加了字符数据库是为了人们在取名的时候有更多的选择，而不至于被迫改名。
