A
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters.It may cause great damage.So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface，near the ground instead of placing them on the cupboards higher up.Never place them near your bed，sofas or other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down.When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire during an earthquake.Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged.Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you.Never use the elevator to go downstairs.Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place.Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers can find you.Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available.Never shout for help.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust.Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.Do not move about or kick up dust.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在地震来临时，如何做才能把损害降到最低。
1．The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”．
A．easily found B．easily broken
C．expensive D．heavy
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据该画线词后面的“like those made of glass are easily broken”可知，fragile意为“易碎的”。故选B。
2．During an earthquake, people are advised to ．
A．go out of the building at once
B．drive to a safe place quickly
C．take shelter under a tree
D．turn off electricity and gas immediately
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.”可知，在地震发生时，要确保立即关掉电源和液化气。故选D。
3．The purpose of the passage is to tell readers ．
A．the damage caused by earthquakes
B．the rescue work after earthquakes
C．how to prevent earthquakes
D．what to do about earthquakes
解析：选D 写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了在地震来临时的一些安全方面的建议，告诉读者该怎么做。故选D。
