I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (10分)
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A team of engineers at Harvard University ____1____ (inspire) by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. ____2____ (design) to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform ____3____ (control) flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who ____4____ (work) on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start ____5____ (pierce) together the components. “The ____6____ (add) difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of devices, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well,” said Wood. The flight device ____7____(build) into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the ____8____ (fly) robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually ____9____ (equip) it with a built-in power source, so that it can someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields _____10_____ on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
【答案】1. has been inspired
2. Designed
3. controlled
4. has worked##has been working
5. to pierce##piercing
6. added 7. was built
8. flying 9. to equip
10. or
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了哈佛大学的一个工程师团队创造了第一个机器人飞行器。
【1题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：哈佛大学的一个工程师团队受到《自然》的启发，创造了第一个机器人飞行器。根据句意及后文中has become可知，用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词inspire和主语A team of engineers之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been done），因主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填has been inspired。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个微型机器的设计目的是做苍蝇自然会做的事情，它只有一只肥胖的家蝇大小。分析可知，非谓语动词design和主语the tiny machine之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语。句首字母大写，故填Designed。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它的迷你机翼使其能够在空中停留并执行受控飞行任务。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词control和所修饰的名词短语flight tasks之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作前置定语。故填controlled。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：“对我们来说，把它作为一个整体来考虑，而不仅仅是一堆单独组件的总和，这是极其重要的，”哈佛大学工程学教授Robert Wood说，他在机器人飞行项目上工作了十多年。分析可知，此处为定语从句中的谓语，根据语境和时间状语for over a decade可知，应用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，或用现在完成进行时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并有继续下去的趋势，主语who指代先行词，为第三人称单数。故填has worked / has been working。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他的团队得到许可，开始一起突破组件。start to do sth和start doing sth都是固定短语，习惯表达，此处区别不大，故用动词不定式或动名词作宾语。故填to pierce/piercing。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“像这样一个项目的额外困难是，这些组件实际上都不是现成的，所以我们必须自己开发。”分析可知，非谓语动词add和所修饰的名词difficulty之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作前置定语。故填added。
【7题详解】
考查语态。句意：该飞行装置内置在一套动力、计算、传感和控制系统中。分析可知，谓语动词build和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态（be done），根据前文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Wood说，该项目的成功证明，这些微小部件的飞行机器人是可以制造和成批生产的。根据句意可知，此处应用动名词flying作定语修饰名词robot，相当于robot for flying。故填flying。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这第一个机器人飞行器与一个小型的非车载电源相连，但最终的目标是为它配备一个内置的电源，以便有一天它可以在救援地点、农民的田地或战场上进行数据收集工作。根据句意及前文is可知，此处应用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的目的。故填to equip。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然这第一个机器人飞行器与一个小型的非车载电源相连，但最终的目标是为它配备一个内置的电源，以便有一天它可以在救援地点、农民的田地或战场上进行数据收集工作。根据句意和前文in farmers’ fields及后文on the battlefield可知，此处应用连词or“或者”，连接两个介词短语，表示选择。故填or。
