A
(2021·河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)
Success lies behind a locked door, but not everyone has the right key.
Many years ago, I met an old friend of mine, who had __1__ himself to acting, but had never been quite __2__.In his middle age, he seemed to be defeated and sad.I thought of his perseverance(毅力).Certainly, our __3__ doesn’t look kindly upon quitting.Failure is perfectly __4__ as long as it eventually results in success.We often chant, “Winners never __5__.” and “If you do not succeed at first, try again.” We jump at stories of perseverance, of the author who submitted stories for years before her __6__ were published, or of the athlete who has trained since childhood to win gold medals at the Olympics.
Perseverance __7__ when it’s rewarded with success, but it doesn’t reward every person.For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of ambitious writers who will __8__ get anything published.For every Olympic athlete, there are countless others who __9__ every day of their lives but never made the cut.We all agree that doing the same thing and __10__ a different result is unwise.So, why do we believe that persevering through failure after failure is a good __11__?
We often consider quitting in the face of failure to be __12__.We believe that perseverance is the key to success.Perseverance is only one part of success.You __13__ talent or skill, as well as enthusiasm and drive.Luck and timing are also key to any great success.Our society believes that anything is possible __14__ you believe, but not everyone can make it.Quitting when you’re not ahead is sometimes a __15__ thing to do.
__16__, if you enjoy a pursuit (追求), regardless of its outcome, you should __17__.If you knew your story would never be published, would you want to write?If you could never be a champion swimmer, would you still practice?Sometimes, it’s wise to put your __18__ into something else.Failure is not always the __19__ to success.Sometimes, it is the door to something __20__.
1.A.exposed B.led C.adapted D.devoted
2.A.successful B.powerful C.ambitious D.confident
3.A.life B.virtue C.culture D.goal
4.A.practical B.acceptable C.necessary D.possible
5.A.look back B.give up C.fall off D.settle down
6.A.experiences B.opinions C.reports D.novels
7.A.takes off B.sets off C.pays off D.shows off
8.A.never B.indeedC.just D.even
9.A.planned B.trainedC.competed D.thought
10.A.expecting B.creatingC.predicting D.promising
11.A.result B.styleC.idea D.design
12.A.wise B.painfulC.normal D.weak
13.A.develop B.needC.discover D.appreciate
14.A.if B.sinceC.unless D.though
15.A.hard B.naturalC.bad D.smart
16.A.Also B.EventuallyC.Anyway D.Fortunately
17.A.start B.continueC.decide D.consider
18.A.energy B.beliefC.failure D.concern
19.A.secret B.solutionC.lesson D.path
20.A.simple B.flexibleC.new D.accessible
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。不是每一个人都能成功。面对一次次的失败,放弃也不失为一种明智的选择。并不是所有的失败都能通向成功,有时候失败是为了让我们发现生活中的新事物。
1.D 考查动词辨析。句意:许多年前,我遇到了一位老朋友,他一直致力于演戏,但一直都不是太成功。A.exposed 暴露;B.led 带路,引领;C.adapted 适应;D.devoted 奉献,投入。根据下文“I thought of his perseverance (毅力).”作者想到这位朋友的毅力,说明这位朋友是一直坚持做他的事,所以此处表达这位朋友一直投入到表演中。故选D。
2.A 考查形容词辨析。句意:许多年前,我遇到了一位老朋友,他一直致力于演戏,但一直都不是太成功。A.successful 成功的;B.powerful 有影响力的;C.ambitious 有雄心的;D.confident 自信的。根据下文“In his middle age, he seemed to be defeated and sad.”可知这位朋友一直致力于演戏,在中年时,却感到被打败和难过,说明他是不太成功的。故选A。
3.C 考查名词辨析。句意:当然,我们的文化并不赞同放弃。A.life 生活;生命;B.virtue 美德;C.culture 文化;D.goal 目标。不赞同放弃——这是一种价值观,根据常识可知价值观是文化的一方面。故选C。
4.B 考查形容词辨析。句意:失败是完全可以接受的,只要它最终导致成功。A.practical 实际的;B.acceptable 可接受的;C.necessary 必要的;D.possible 可能的。根据空后“as long as it eventually results in success”以及下文“If you do not succeed at first, try again.”可知,即使开始的时候失败了,还要不断尝试。说明大家是接受失败的。所以在失败能导致成功的这种条件下,失败当然更被接受。故选B。
5.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们经常高呼“胜利者永不放弃”,“如果你一开始没有成功,再试一次”。A.look back 追忆,回顾;B.give up 放弃;C.fall off 掉落;D.settle down 定居,安顿下来。根据空后“If you do not succeed at first, try again.”可知如果一开始没有成功,要再试一次,所以此处表达胜利者是永不放弃的。故选B。
6.D 考查名词辨析。句意:我们看到的故事有关于毅力的故事,有在小说出版前提交故事多年的作者的故事,也有从小接受训练在奥运会上获得金牌的运动员的故事。A.experiences 经历;B.opinions 观点;C.reports 报道;D.novels 小说。根据句意,此处描写的是作者的故事,所以作者对应的是小说被出版。故选D。
7.C 考查动词短语辨析。句意:当毅力得到成功的回报时,它是成功的,但并不是每个人都能得到回报。A.takes off 起飞,脱掉;B.sets off 动身,出发;C.pays off 奏效,取得成功;D.shows off 炫耀。根据空后时间状语“when it’s rewarded with success”可知当毅力得到成功的回报,就是说明毅力有效果了,取得成功了。故选C。
8.A 考查副词辨析。句意:对于每一个JK Rowling来说,都有成千上万的雄心勃勃的作家永远不会出版任何东西。A.never 从不;B.indeed 的确;C.just 正好,只是,刚刚;D.even 甚至。根据下文“For every Olympic athlete, there are countless others who __9__ every day of their lives but never made the cut.”可知描写的是从未成功的运动员,所以此处描写的是永远不会出版任何东西的作家。故选A。
9.B 考查动词辨析。句意:对于每一位奥运会运动员来说,还有无数人每天都在训练,但从未成功。A.planned 计划;B.trained 训练;C.competed 参加比赛;D.thought 想,认为。根据句意,此句描述的是奥运会运动员,他们想要成功,每天都要训练,即便结果他们并没有成功。故选B。
10.A 考查动词辨析。句意:我们都同意,做同样的事情,期待不同的结果是不明智的。A.expecting 期望;B.creating 创造;C.predicting 预言;D.promising 承诺。此空动名词和and前动名词是that引导宾语从句的主语,谓语用的是单数,说明此空动作和doing是整体的动作,那么做了一件事,接下来很自然的应该就是期待结果了。故选A。
11.C 考查名词辨析。句意:那么,为什么我们认为在一次又一次的失败中坚持是一个好想法呢?A.result 结果;B.style 方式;样式;C.idea 想法;D.design 设计。结合上题分析可知,做同一件事,期待不同的结果是不明智的,而我们却认为在一次又一次的失败中坚持,终会取得成功,这种想法怎么合理?怎么是一种好想法呢?故选C。
12.D 考查形容词辨析。句意:我们常常认为在失败面前放弃是懦弱的。A.wise 明智的;B.painful 痛苦的;C.normal 正常的;D.weak 懦弱的,虚弱的。根据上文“Certainly, our __3__ doesn’t look kindly upon quitting.”可知,我们的价值观是不认同放弃的,所以如果面对失败放弃,是会被认为是懦弱无能的。故选D。
13.B 考查动词辨析。句意:你需要天赋或技能,以及热情和动力。A.develop 发展;B.need 需要;C.discover 发现;D.appreciate 欣赏;感激。根据上文“Perseverance is only one part of success.”可知毅力只是成功的一部分因素,所以此处表达如果你想成功,你还需要其他的东西。故选B。
14.A 考查连接词辨析。句意:我们的社会相信,只要你相信,任何事情都是可能的,但不是每个人都能成功。A.if 如果;B.since自从……以来,因为;C.unless 除非;D.though 尽管。此空是that引导宾语从句中的连词,结合从句句意,可知空后“you believe”是空前“anything is possible”的条件,用if引导符合篇章逻辑。故选A。
15.D 考查形容词辨析。句意:当你没有领先时放弃有时候是一件明智的事情。A.hard 困难的;B.natural 自然的;C.bad 坏的;D.smart 聪明的。根据上文“Perseverance is only one part of success.”及“Our society believes that anything is possible __14__ you believe, but not everyone can make it.”可知,即便很多人认为只要相信,一切皆有可能,但毅力只是成功的一部分因素,不是每个人都能成功的,所以作者此处是建议大家有时候可以选择放弃,也就是当你做的不好时,放弃不失为一种明智的事情。故选D。
16.C 考查副词辨析。句意:尽管如此,如果你喜欢追求,不管结果如何,你都应该继续。A.Also 而且,也;B.Eventually 最后;C.Anyway 尽管如此;D.Fortunately 幸运地。结合上题分析,作者提到放弃有时候也是明智的。再根据此空后句意,不管结果如何,如果你喜欢追求,你还是可以继续追求,所以此处用“尽管如此”能符合上下文逻辑。故选C。
17.B 考查动词辨析。句意:尽管如此,如果你喜欢追求,不管结果如何,你都应该继续。A.start 开始;B.continue 继续;C.decide 决定;D.consider 考虑,认为。结合上题分析可知,作者虽然建议大家有时候可以放弃,但尽管如此,如果你不计较结果,喜欢追求,你还是可以继续追求的。故选B。
18.A 考查名词辨析。句意:有时候,把精力放在别的事情上是明智的。A.energy 精力;B.belief 信念,信心;C.failure 失败;D.concern 关心;担心。根据上文“Quitting when you’re not ahead is sometimes a __15__ thing to do.”可知作者建议我们有时候可以放弃,再结合空后宾语“something else (其他的事情)”,可知此处表达的是作者让我们放弃后,把精力放在别的事情上。故选A。
19.D 考查名词辨析。句意:失败并不总是通往成功的道路。A.secret 秘密;B.solution 解决办法;C.lesson 课,经验,教训;D.path 道路,成功的途径。根据上文“So, why do we believe that persevering through failure after failure is a good __11__?”可知作者并不认为在一次次失败中坚持就一定能成功,所以此处表达的是失败并不总是通往成功的道路。故选D。
20.C 考查形容词辨析。句意:有时,它是通向新事物的大门。A.simple 简单的;B.flexible 灵活的;C.new 新的;D.accessible 可接近的;可使用的。根据上文“Quitting when you’re not ahead is sometimes a __15__ thing to do.”以及“Sometimes, it’s wise to put your __18__ into something else.”可知作者认为当我们不能成功时,我们可以放弃,可以把精力放在其他的事情上,所以也就是某一件事情的失败让我们去关注别的事情,发现新的事情。故选C。