Ⅰ.完形填空
(2022·广东省梅县东山中学高三上学期期中考试)
Many Western cultures measure their days with the solar calendar. Therefore, they __1.A__the coming of the New Year on January 1. Cultures in Asia use other calendars and celebrate the New Year at other times. Events and rituals __2.C__ from country to country. But in each place, New Year celebrations are a big __3.C__.
Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries. The earliest New Year celebrations took place during spring or__4.B__ time. With __5.D__weather ahead, or plenty of food to eat, people __6.B__ felt like having a party! As the days became longer and as nature renewed itself, people also felt like they could have a new start. The New Year could bring better fortune, more opportunities and new challenges. Such __7.D__ ideas remain the same today.
Some cultures have__8.A__ New Year traditions. Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, symbolizing the __9.B__ of the old. People of the Philippines fire guns into the air to ward off __10.B__. Danes jump off chairs exactly as the clock __11.C__midnight, so they can jump into the New Year. Greek children leave their shoes by the fireplace on New Year’s Day. They hope someone will come and fill the shoes with __12.D__. In Vancouver, Canada, some people celebrate the New Year by jumping into the ocean. The weather is freezing cold! As you might expect, most people come to watch the swimmers __13.D__ swim themselves.
London hosts an annual New Year’s Day parade that __14.A__ nearly a million spectators. The largest parade in Europe, it features bands, floats and enormous balloons. These balloons are so huge that they __15.C__ over nearby buildings!
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了庆祝新年的时间、以及不同国家和文化特别的庆祝传统。
1.A.observe B.notice
C.expect D.decide
解析:考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“celebrate the New Year”和“New Year celebrations”可知,此处指1月1日庆祝(observe)新年的到来。故选A。
2.A.happen B.develop
C.vary D.hold
解析:考查动词词义辨析。由上文的“西方1月1日庆祝新年,亚洲和中东在其他时间庆祝新年”和第三段的“不同国家不同寻常的新年传统”可知,不同国家庆祝新年的活动和仪式各不相同,vary from…to…表示“……不同于……”。故选C。
3.A.burden B.reunion
C.deal D.success
解析:考查名词词义辨析。由下文的“Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries.”可知,大多数世界文化庆祝新年的传统已经有几个世纪了,说明新年是很重要的一件事,a big deal表示“一件大事”。故选C。
4.A.summer B.harvest
C.labor D.leisure
解析:考查名词词义辨析。由常识可知,粮食收获的时候是个好日子,值得庆祝,可推断出最早的新年庆祝活动可能会在收获(harvest)季节。故选B。
5.A.colder B.changeable
C.extreme D.better
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。由下文的“As the days became longer and as nature renewed itself”可知,白天越来越长,大自然也在复苏,说明天气在变好。better更好的。故选D。
6.A.eventually B.naturally
C.occasionally D.exactly
解析:考查副词词义辨析。由上文语境可知,天气变好,粮食充裕,人自然(naturally)就想开派对,开心放松一下。故选B。
7.A.unique B.challenging
C.interesting D.universal
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。由上文的“The New Year could bring better fortune, more opportunities and new challenges.”可知,新年意味着更好的财富,更多的机遇和新的挑战,这是全世界广泛适用的主题,从古至今都是这样,没有改变。universal普遍的、广泛适用的。故选D。
8.A.unusual B.shocking
C.silly D.typical
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。由下文语境可知,意大利人、菲律宾人、丹麦人、希腊人和加拿大人庆祝新年的方式很不同寻常、与众不同。unusual不寻常的、与众不同的。故选A。
9.A.coming B.departure
C.failure D.developing
解析:考查名词和动词词义辨析。由上文的“throw old things out of their windows”可知,把旧东西扔出窗外,表明旧东西从家里离开(departure)了。故选B。
10.A.animals B.misfortune
C.enemies D.poverty
解析:考查名词词义辨析。由上文的“fire guns into the air”和常识可知,向空中鸣枪一是一种保护自己的防御姿态(避免别人伤害自己,以免自己不幸),二是为了向不幸的人/事默哀,可推断出菲律宾人向空中鸣枪是为了躲避不幸(misfortune)。故选B。
11.A.reaches B.rings
C.strikes D.shows
解析:考查动词词义辨析。由本处的“the clock __11__ midnight”可知,此处指午夜钟声敲响,即到了新年那一天。strike击打、撞击。故选C。
12.A.kisses B.love
C.fortune D.gifts
解析:考查名词词义辨析。由常识可知,Santa Claus(圣诞老人)是给孩子送新年礼物(gifts)的人。故选D。
13.A.as well as B.so as to
C.other than D.rather than
解析:考查介词短语辨析。由上文的“The weather is freezing cold!”,“most people come to watch the swimmers”和下文的“swim themselves”可知,天气冷得要命,所以大多数人是来观看游泳运动员的,而不是自己游泳,用rather than而不是。故选D。
14.A.draws B.requires
C.amuses D.provides
解析:考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“nearly a million spectators. The largest parade in Europe, it features bands, floats and enormous balloons.”可知,伦敦举办的新年游行是欧洲最大的游行,有乐队、彩车和巨大的气球,无疑会吸引(draw)观众前来观看。故选A。
15.A.watch B.go
C.tower D.take
解析:考查动词词义辨析。由常识可知,气球会飘向天空,而伦敦新年游行的气球太大了,以至于飘的位置高于附近的建筑物。tower远远高于、高耸。故选C。