Ⅰ.完形填空
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore 3 to accept authority as the only truth. He always checks ideas 4 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 5 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 6 that we should learn science 7 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 8 many important truths.
Galileo (1564－1642), 9 ， who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 10 could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies 11 more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, 12 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 13 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 14 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo's 15 of going direct to nature, and proving our 16 and theories by experiment, that has 17 all the discoveries of modern science.
What 18 those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that 19 scientists are those whose observations have 20 better results.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
1．A.use B．sense
C．speed D．trust
解析：选A 根据语境可知此处是make full use of“充分利用，充分使用”这一固定词组。use“使用”；sense“意识”；speed“速度”；trust“信任”。故A选项正确。
2．A.relied B．based
C．insisted D．centered
解析：选B 根据空前的“He doesn't accept ideas”和空后的“on obvious facts”可知，此处是be based on这个固定词组，表示“以……为基础，基于……”。rely“依靠”；base“基于”；insist“坚持”；center“集中”。故B选项正确。
3．A.refuses B．desires
C．intends D．regrets
解析：选A 根据上文的“doesn't accept”和空前的“and therefore”可知，此处应选refuses。refuse“拒绝”；desire“想要”；intend“打算”；regret“后悔”。故A选项正确。
4．A.casually B．carefully
C．quickly D．privately
解析：选B 结合语境“He always checks ideas”和空后的“and makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处表示仔细地核查想法。casually“随便地”；carefully“仔细地”；quickly“迅速地”；privately“私下地”。故B选项正确。
5．A.date B．keep
C．look D．come
解析：选A 由下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。date back“追溯到”；keep back“阻止”；look back“回顾”；come back“回来”。故A选项正确。
6．A.command B．suspect
C．suggest D．conclude
解析：选C 根据空后的内容可知，这里应是罗杰·培根提出的建议。command“命令”；suspect“怀疑”；suggest“建议”；conclude“推断”。故C选项正确。
7．A.in B．with
C．on D．by
解析：选D 根据空后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故D选项正确。
8．A.brought B．discovered
C．handled D．announced
解析：选B 结合空后的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现了很多重要的真理。bring“带来”；discover“发现”；handle“处理”；announce“宣布”。故B选项正确。
9．A.however B．therefore
C．seldom D．never
解析：选A 上文说罗杰·培根也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学，此处表示转折，然而，伽利略是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。故A选项正确。
10．A.truths B．problems
C．investigations D．subjects
解析：选A 由空后的“could be discovered by observation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。上文中的many important truths也是提示。truth“事实；真理”；problem“问题”；investigation“调查”；subject“主题”。故A选项正确。
11．A.threw B．fell
C．ran D．rolled
解析：选B 根据下文中的“let fall”可知，空处应选fell。故B选项正确。
12．A.although B．because
C．when D．if
解析：选B 根据“Aristotle said so”的意思可知，这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。故B选项正确。
13．A.place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
解析：选C 结合空后的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 14 stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。故C选项正确。
14．A.big B．small
C．similar D．unequal
解析：选D 根据上文和空后面的“stones and proved Aristotle was wrong”可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头，因此选unequal“不相等的”。big“大的”；small“小的”；similar“相似的”；unequal“不均等的”。故D选项正确。
15．A.spirit B．skill
C．theory D．wish
解析：选A 由空后面的“of going direct to nature”可知，此处表示科学精神(spirit)。spirit“精神”；skill“技能”；theory“理论”；wish“愿望”。故A选项正确。
16．A.plans B．opinions
C．world D．ability
解析：选B 与空后面“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故B选项正确。
17．A.led to B．turned to
C．set up D．put forward
解析：选A 这里是说正是伽利略的这种精神使得现代科学能有所发现。lead to“导致”；turn to“转向”；set up“建立”；put forward“提出”。故A选项正确。
18．A.makes B．prevents
C．considers D．promises
解析：选A 结合下文中的“scientists are those ...”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。make“使得”；prevent“阻止”；consider“考虑”；promise“许诺”。故A选项正确。
19．A.reasonable B．successful
C．expert D．sensitive
解析：选B 结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地知道，成功的(successful)科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。reasonable“合理的”；successful“成功的”；expert“熟练的”；sensitive“敏感的”。故B选项正确。
20．A.foreseen B．rejected
C．produced D．challenged
解析：选C 根据语境，此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。foresee“预见”；reject“拒绝”；produce“生产”；challenge“挑战”。故C选项正确。
