[课文内容]
WHAT'S IN A NAME? 【1】
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England — many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any 【2】？ Getting to know a little bit about British history 【3】 will help you solve this puzzle①.
【1】[标题赏析]“WHAT'S IN A NAME？”用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为课文标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容——名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。
【2】if any是一个省略句，补充完整为if there is any difference。
【3】Getting to know a little bit about British history为v.-ing短语，在句中作主语，其谓语常用单数形式。
In the 16th century, the nearby② country of Wales was joined to③ the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain 【4】. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from④ the UK, which resulted in⑤ the full name we have today 【5】： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened⑥ name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as⑦ Britain or Great Britain.
【4】不定式短语to create the Kingdom of Great Britain在句中作结果状语。下一句中的to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland也是作结果状语。
【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；在该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句we have today，其先行词为the full name。
The four countries that belong⑧ to the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑨. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack 【6】， as well as⑩ share the same currency? and military? defence?. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal? systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
【6】过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰flag。
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK 【7】， you will be surrounded? by evidence? of four different groups of people who took over? at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements? included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses 【8】. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind? lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations? across the UK. The last group were the Normans. 【9】 They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built 【10】 all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
【7】此处是everywhere引导的地点状语从句，everywhere表示“到处，处处”。
【8】people built houses为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
【9】group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。
【10】此处是“have sth. done”结构，表示“使……被……”。
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable 【11】. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times 【12】. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
【11】此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词短语much more enjoyable作宾补。
【12】此处是as引导的原因状语从句，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；现在分词短语dating all the way back to Roman times作后置定语，修饰a history。
