5．忠于原文思想，变换表达方式
认真阅读原文，准确理解文意，用自己所熟悉的词汇、句型等表达手段简要表达原文的意思，常用方法如下：
(1)改变词序：在不改变原句含义的基础上，调整概要要点表达中各成分的先后次序。
[例8] There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
→Attitudes towards dirt are various in different time.
(2)转化词性：词形有变化，但单词内容不发生实质性变化。
[例9] Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.
→People's attitudes to dirt are still largely different now.
→Nowadays there exists great differences about people's attitudes to dirt.
(3)同义词替换：用词性相同的同义词、近义词或同义词组对原句的某些成分进行相应的替代，而句子意思保持不变。同义替换包含同义词替换，同义短语替换和同意句替换。
[例10] In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.
→In the early 16th century, people thought dirt on the skin defended their bodies against the attack of disease.
→In the early 16th century, people regarded dirt on the skin as a barrier against disease.
(4)反义表达：把肯定形式改成否定形式，否定形式改成肯定形式，正话反说，反话正说，从而实现语言的正反转换。
[例11] There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
→People's attitudes to dirt have been changing all the time.
(5)改变句子结构：运用最基本、最简明、最典型的句子结构来表达与原句相同的句意。常用的策略有：改变语态、句式变换、从句变短语、从句变分词、简单句变复句。
[例12] Researchers who use animals in experiments should try their best to protect animals from unnecessary sufferings.
→What is highly recommended is that researchers using animals should try their best to avoid causing animals unnecessary discomfort.
[例13] It seemed as if the city was at an end.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
→Immediately, the whole city was in ruins.
