2.复合句中的省略
(1)主句中的省略
常见于句首或回答问题时,只用从句。
—Why didn't you come to class yesterday?
—(I didn't come to class yesterday)Because I was ill.
——你昨天为什么没来上课?
——因为我病了。
(2)宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that,但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可以省略。
I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
我知道她是一个老师,也是一个优秀的作家。
(3)状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it,并且从句谓语中有be动词时,常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况:
①在as,before,till,until,when,while等引导的时间状语从句中。
While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.
当我正沿街而行时,我听到有人叫我的名字。
②在though,although等引导的让步状语从句中。
Though(they were)tired,they went on working.
虽然累了,但他们继续工作。
③在if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中。
You shouldn't come to his party unless(you are)invited.
除非你被邀请,否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。
④在as,as if,as though等引导的方式状语从句中。
He did as(he was)told.
他按要求去做了。
[名师点津] 在虚拟语气中,常省掉if,从句使用倒装句式。
Were I you(=If I were you),I should give that guy a good lesson.
如果我是你的话,我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。
(4)定语从句中的省略
①一般来说,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,who,whom可以省略;而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。
The man(whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.
你昨天见到的那个人生病了。
The man,whom you saw yesterday,fell ill.
那个人生病了,你昨天见到他了。
②当先行词是way,且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时,引导词可用in which或that,也可以省略。
The way(in which/that)these comrades treat problems is wrong.
这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。
[即学即练1] 完成句子
①这座城市再也不是过去那样了。
The city is no longer what it used to be.
②尽管我们都精疲力竭,但我们都没有停下来。
Though worn out,we didn't stop.
③要是明天下雨的话,我就待在家里不出去。
Should it rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.