Ⅰ.阅读理解
You have just finished eating an apple while on a hike.You are on a path without rubbish bins; what do you do with the apple core (核)？If you answered “throw it in the grass” because you always thought fruit would not have a bad influence on nature, prepare for a slowly nodding “ahhh” moment.
According to the people at Glacier National Park, decomposition (分解) of fruit litter takes much longer than you probably imagine; at the same time, it causes other problems.These “natural” food will not decompose quickly.Some fruit products can take years to decompose depending on the environment they are in!
When animals start to get their food from people, they may stop looking for their own food in nature.This is very dangerous because animals need different foods to stay healthy.Food waste also draws animals to areas where there are a lot of people.And when food is thrown out of a car window, animals may develop the habit of searching roadsides for food, which increases the chances of their being hit by a car.
“In fact, apples, bananas and oranges are not native to Glacier National Park.If they are eaten by wild animals, they will probably cause the animals to get sick.Seeds (种子) of these fruit or vegetables that end up on the ground could result in an exotic plant growth.And then, of course, there is the simple fact that nobody wants to see somebody else's fruit litter, which has already gone bad, while enjoying the beautiful outdoors.
I know that it's hard enough to get people not to litter plastic bags and water bottles, but even so, this article serves as a good public service announcement (公益广告).In the words of the Wildlife Center of Virginia, no litter is safe litter, not even an apple core.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们水果核或皮其实很难自然分解，它们对环境和动物都有害，因此在野外旅行时，不要随手把水果核或皮扔掉。
1．How does the author start the text?
A．By collecting readers' answers.
B．By describing a situation in life.
C．By encouraging people to protect nature.
D．By explaining how to deal with fruit litter.
解析：选B 篇章结构题。作者通过描述我们远足时可能会随手扔掉苹果核的情景，引入了文章的主题——食物残渣的危害。
2．What influence would throwing food waste have on animals?
A．It provides different foods for them.
B．It prevents them from dying of hunger.
C．It develops their dependency on humans.
D．It makes them lose the ability to live in nature.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是they may stop looking for their own food in nature和Food waste also draws animals to areas where there are a lot of people.可以推知，乱扔食物残渣可能会导致动物对人类产生依赖。
3．What does the underlined word “exotic” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Foreign. B．Wild.
C．Sick. D．Strong.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的apples, bananas and oranges are not native to ...可知，有些水果或蔬菜不是某个地方本土的食物，如果它们的种子落在地上，会导致外来植物的生长。exotic意为“外来的；异国的”。
4．Why does the author write the text?
A．To advise us not to eat while hiking.
B．To ask us to protect the wild animals.
C．To explain how food waste is decomposed.
D．To call on people not to litter food waste.
解析：选D 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者写本文的目的是倡导大家不要随手乱扔食物残渣。
