朗读下面短文,体会、领悟虚拟语气的形式与用法。
My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were① my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look② like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat③ more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out④ regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk⑤ to school. If she had followed the doctor's advice, she would not be⑥ so fat now. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become⑦ overweight.
This morning, Mary's mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn't help shouting, “If only I were⑧ a little thinner! How I wish I hadn't eaten⑨ so much junk food before!” Were I Mary, I would make⑩ a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do? sports every day. Now it is high time that she changed? her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn't be? able to lose weight. I would rather she went? swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are? not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she (should) walk? to school.
[用法体悟]
①as if引导的状语从句中,与现在事实相反时,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。
②表示与现在事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be一般用were),主句的谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
③⑤在advise, insist(坚决主张)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中的should可以省略。
④在suggestion后的同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中的should可以省略。
⑥为错综条件句,本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。
⑦表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语用“had+过去分词”,主句用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。
⑧⑨在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和If only(但愿)引出的句子中,需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反,从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时;与过去事实相反,用过去完成时。
⑩如果if从句中含有were, had或should,可将if省略,然后将were, had或should提至主语前。即从句用部分倒装。
?表示与将来事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语形式用一般过去时,或用“were to/should+动词原形”,主句用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
?在It is (high) time that后的从句中,谓语动词用“should(不能省略)+动词原形”或一般过去时。
?本句为without引起的含蓄条件句,可转换为if从句。
?would (had) rather后的宾语从句中用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
?insist表示“坚持认为,坚持说”时,后面从句不用虚拟语气。
?在it is necessary that引导的主语从句中,主语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。