朗读下面短文,体会、领悟主谓一致遵循的规则有哪些?具体使用条件是什么?
My seatmate②, James, whose parents have been teaching① English in Guangzhou for ten years, comes② from the United States, which is③ one of the most developed countries in the world. He as well as his parents enjoys④ living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents find⑤ it difficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion, many a custom here is⑥ easy to understand and ten years is⑦ enough for them to get used to all the customs.
I, together with James, extremely like⑧ English but physics seems⑨ rather difficult for us. Besides, both he and I are⑩ very fond of reading story books, and the Arabian Nights is? one of the most interesting books that have been read? by us.
Our class is united as a big family. Now the class are? preparing for the coming sports meet, so large quantities of our recent time have been spent? on it. What we need is? a qualified coach because being trained properly is? of great importance. We each are all aware that each of us plays? an important role in our class. We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are going to hold it hasn't been decided?.
[用法体悟]
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致与就近一致。
①遵循语法一致原则,主语为复数名词parents, 故谓语动词用复数形式have been teaching。注意关系代词whose作定语修饰parents,不影响主语。
②遵循语法一致原则,主语为My seatmate, 故谓语动词用单数形式 comes。注意James为同位语。
③遵循意义一致原则,主语为关系代词which,指代的是前面的the United States,形式上是复数,但意义为单数,表示一个国家,故谓语动词用is。
④遵循语法一致原则,主语后接as well as等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。
⑤遵循就近原则,由neither ...nor连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单、复数由邻近的主语而定。
⑥遵循语法一致原则,“many a(很多)+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
⑦遵循意义一致原则,表示时间的复数名词作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
⑧遵循语法一致原则,主语后面接说明主语的修饰语together with,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。
⑨遵循意义一致原则,以ics结尾表示学科的名词作主语时,通常表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。
⑩遵循语法一致原则,当主语是both ... and连接的并列结构时,如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。
?遵循意义一致原则,复数形式的专有名词作主语,通常作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数。
?遵循语法一致原则,在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,如果前有the only, the very, the等限定词时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;如没有这些限定词和修饰语,定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。
?遵循意义一致原则,集体名词class如果作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作个别成员看待,谓语动词用复数形式。
?遵循语法一致原则,当“(large) quantities of+可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
?当what引导主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。
?遵循语法一致原则,非谓语动词(动词的ing形式、不定式)作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
?遵循语法一致原则,当each作同位语时,不影响主语与谓语之间的关系,如we each are, are由主语we的形式决定;当“each+of+名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
?遵循语法一致原则,从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。