A
(2021·广州高二检测)
When your pet has an emergency, first aid is not a substitute for veterinary (兽医的) treatment. However, before you are able to get your pet to a veterinarian(兽医), knowing some basic first aid can help.
Bite Wounds
Approach the pet carefully to avoid getting bitten. Wear a mask for the animal and then check the wound. Clean the wound with large amounts of saline solution(盐溶液). If it is not available, then regular water may be used. Wrap large open wounds to keep them clean.
Bleeding
Apply firm, direct pressure to the bleeding area until the bleeding stops. Hold the pressure for at least 10 minutes. Avoid bandages that cut off the circulation.
Breathing Stops
Check to see if the animal is choking on a foreign object. If the animal is not breathing, place it on a firm surface with its left side up. Check for a heartbeat. If you hear a heartbeat but not breathing, close the animal’s mouth and breathe directly into its nose—not the mouth—until the chest expands. Repeat 12 to 15 times per minute.
Burns
Wash the burn immediately with large amounts of cool, running water. Apply an ice pack for 15—20 minutes. Do not place an ice pack directly on the skin. Wrap the pack in a light towel or other covers. If the animal has large quantities of dry chemicals on its skin, brush them off. Water may activate some dry chemicals.
Fractures(骨折)
Symptoms include pain, inability to use a limb(肢, 肢体). Wear a mask for the pet and look for bleeding. If you can control the bleeding without causing more injury, then do so. Watch for signs of shock. Don’t try to set the fractures by pulling the limb. Transport the pet to a veterinarian immediately, supporting the injured part as best as you can.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了宠物出现紧急情况时, 了解一些基本的急救方法会有所帮助, 文章讲了几种伤害的急救方法。
21. If your pet is burned by chemicals, you should .
A. wash away the chemicals with saline solution
B. put an ice pack directly on the skin
C. bind up the cut with a bandage
D. get rid of them before washing
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由题干关键词burned可将答案定位于第五段。根据第五段的If the animal has large quantities of dry chemicals on its skin, brush them off. Water may activate some dry chemicals. 可知, 宠物被化学物质灼伤了, 你应该在清洗前把它们弄干净。故选D。
22. What does the underlined word “substitute” in the first paragraph mean?
A. That is necessary.
B. That can replace other things.
C. That is familiar to us.
D. That can calm people.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词所在句子可知, 急救虽不能代替兽医治疗, 但在把宠物送去兽医那里之前能够帮助宠物, 增加施救时间, substitute在此处意为“代替”。故选B。
23. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. Giving pets first aid.
B. Treating sick pets.
C. Dealing with an emergency.
D. Working as a veterinarian.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, before you are able to get your pet to a veterinarian和后面的5个小标题可知, 本文主要讲对出现事故的宠物进行急救的方法。故选A。
