A
(2020·南昌市重点中学段考)
We talk about food in the negative: What we shouldn't eat, what we'll regret later, what's evil, dangerously tempting and unhealthy.
The effects are more harmful than any overindulgent(放纵的) amount of “bad food” can ever be.By getting anxious about food, we turn occasion for comfort and joy into sources of fear and anxiety.And when we avoid certain foods, we usually compensate by consuming too much of others.
All of this happens under the cover of science.But a closer look at the research behind our food fears shows that many of our most demonized (妖魔化的) foods are actually fine for us.Taken to extremes, of course, dietary choices can be harmful—but that logic cuts both ways.
Consider salt.It's true that, if people with high blood pressure consume a lot of salt, it can lead to cardiovascular events like heart attacks.It's also true that salt is overused in processed foods.But the average American consumes just over three grams of sodium (钠) per day, which is actually in the sweet spot for health.Eating too little salt may be just as dangerous as eating too much.This is especially true for the majority of people who don't have high blood pressure.Regardless，experts continue to push for lower recommendations.
Nevertheless, we've become more and more influenced by arguments that we must avoid certain foods completely.When one paniccausing item fades, we find another focus for our fears.We demonized fats.Then cholesterol.Then meat.
Is it a problem that people want to avoid foods? The answer is: yes, because it makes food scary.Food should be a cause for pleasure, not panic.For most people, it's entirely possible to eat more healthfully without living in terror or struggling to avoid certain foods altogether.If there's one thing you should cut from your diet, it's fear.
文章大意：该文主要讨论了人们对一些食物的错误认识，提倡人们正确认识食物，健康饮食、快乐饮食。
1．What might be the result of avoiding certain foods, according to the author？ B
A．Becoming healthy. B．Overeating other foods.
C．Regretting later. D．Enjoying comfort and joy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“And when we avoid certain foods, we usually compensate by consuming too much of others.”可知，人们在避免某些食物时，会食用过量其他食物来进行补充。故选B。
2．What does the underlined phrase “in the sweet spot” in Paragraph 4 refer to？ A
A．Suitable. B．Unclear.
C．Too much. D．Too little.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第四句的转折，并与前两句形成对比可知，实际上普通美国人每天食用三克多一点儿的钠对健康是有利的，由此可推知，画线短语的意思是合适的。故选A。
3．By listing one food after another to fear, the author means that C .
A．people are eating unhealthy food
B．the environment is unsafe
C．there's no point avoiding certain foods
D．people should be careful about food
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“For most people, it's entirely possible to eat more healthfully without living in terror or struggling to avoid certain foods altogether.”和对最后一段的整体理解可推知，作者罗列出人们所恐惧的食物的目的是提醒人们避免某些食物是不必要的，只要适量食用，对身体健康是没有坏处的，毕竟人们总是要吃饭的，吃饭是一种快乐而不是恐惧。故选C。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ D
A．Treating Food Negatively
B．Avoiding Food Skillfully
C．Consuming Salt Without Caution
D．Eating Food Without Fear
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段的导入，并结合最后一段的点题可推知，本文主要讲述的是对食物的一些错误的恐惧认识，提供快乐饮食、健康饮食。故选D。
