A
(2020·山西太原市高三阶段测评)
Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straightA student knows, but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child “You're so smart！” may be counterproductive.Why? According to a 2017 study, children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重整旗鼓)from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.
In the study, researchers looked at 123 children.The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a “growth mindset” (believing that you can work harder to get smarter), or a“fixed mindset” (believing that your intelligence is unable to change)．They then asked the children to complete a fastpaced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded.During the recording, researchers noted that brain activity stopped within a halfsecond after making a mistake, as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong.The larger the brain response was, the more the child focused on the mistake.Based on the data, they concluded that children with a “growth mindset” were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.While children with a “fixed mindset” were able to “bounce back”， only if they gave their full attention to the mistake.
For parents, the lessons are clear: Don't pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If your children hands you an A＋ score, don't say, “You're so smart！” Instead, say, “Wow, that studying really paid off！” or “You clearly mastered this material — way to go！”Note the effort, not the intelligence.
Besides, many parents shy away from addressing their children's mistakes, telling them “It's OK.You'll get it the next time” without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong.Instead, it's better to reassure your children that mistakes happen, and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。
1．Which of the following best explains “counterproductive” underlined in Paragraph 1 ？ A
A．Opposite. B．Competitive.
C．Successful. D．Unknown.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“According to a 2017 study，children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重整旗鼓)from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.”可知，根据2017年的一项研究，那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误，并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与A项“相反的”含义相近。
2．How did the children with a“growth mindset” react in the study?
D
A．They made fewer mistakes.
B．They tried to avoid mistakes.
C．They had a smaller brain response.
D．They focused more on the mistake.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“The larger the brain response was, the more the child focused on the mistake.”和倒数第二句“Based on the data，they concluded that children with a growth mindset were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.”可推知，具有“成长思维模式”的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。
3．What should be avoided according to the study？ A
A．Overemphasizing the intelligence.
B．Paying children compliments.
C．Addressing children's mistakes.
D．Offering chances to find mistakes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Note the effort，not the intelligence.”可知，应避免过分强调智力。
4．What should parents say when children make a mistake according to the text？ D
A．You are so careless.
B．Your studying paid off.
C．Yon'Il get it the next time.
D．Let's find out how you made it.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Instead，it's better to reassure your children that mistakes happen，and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.”可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与其一起弄清错的地方以及如何犯错的。
