A
(2020·合肥市高三调研性检测)In a major medical breakthrough, Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the world's first 3D vascularized (血管化的) engineered heart using a patient's own cells and biological materials. Their findings were published on April 15 in a study in Advanced Science.
“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart，” says Prof. Tal Dvir of Department of Materials Science and Engineering, who led the research for the study. “This heart is made from human cells and patient－specific biological materials. In our process, these materials serve as the bioinks, something made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models，” Prof. Dvir says. “People managed to 3D－print the structure of a heart in the past but not with cells or with blood vessels. Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future.”
According to Prof. Dvir, the use of “native” patient－specific materials is important to successfully engineering tissues and organs.
The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and “teaching them to behave” like hearts, Prof. Dvir says. They then plan to transplant the 3D－printed heart into animal models.
“We need to develop the printed heart further，” he concludes. “The cells need to form a pumping ability; they can currently contract (收缩), but we need them to work together. Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our method's efficacy (功效) and usefulness. Maybe, in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world, and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。特拉维夫大学的研究人员使用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏。这是一项重大的医学突破。
1．What does Prof. Dvir think of an early 3D－printed heart?
A．It was highly practical. B．It was too expensive.
C．It was personalized. D．It was too simple.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句Dvir教授所说的话“People managed to 3D－print the structure of a heart in the past, but not with cells or with blood vessels.”可知，在过去，人们设法3D打印出了心脏的结构，但没有细胞或血管。据此可推知，Dvir教授认为过去3D打印的心脏很简单，故D项正确。
2．What do we know about the latest 3D－printed heart?
A．It can be cultured in the lab.
B．It can match a patient perfectly.
C．It has been transplanted into animals.
D．It has been widely used in hospitals.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and ‘teaching them to behave’ like hearts”可知，研究人员目前正计划在实验室中培养这些打印出来的心脏，并“教它们像心脏一样运动”，据此可知，最新的3D打印心脏可以在实验室中培养，故A项正确。
3．What is Prof. Dvir's attitude to the development of the printed heart?
A．Ambiguous. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Cautious.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Dvir教授所说的话“Maybe, in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world, and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”可知，可能在十年后，世界上一些最好的医院将会有器官打印机，而且这些手术将常规进行。据此可推知，Dvir教授对打印心脏的发展持乐观的态度，故B项正确。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To explain the basic principle of 3D technology.
B．To introduce a breakthrough of medical research.
C．To doubt the medical value of a new invention.
D．To prove the effectiveness of the new technology.
答案：B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句并结合文章其他内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项医学突破：特拉维夫大学的研究人员利用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏。故B项正确。
【词汇积累】 ①biological adj. 生物的 ②protein n. 蛋白质 ③potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜力 ④replacement n. 替换；更换
【难句分析】 原文：Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our method's efficacy (功效) and usefulness.我们希望我们会成功证明方法的有效性和有用性。(最后一段倒数第二句)
分析：本句为主从复合句。that引导表语从句，从句中succeed和prove作并列谓语。
