A
Automaticdishwashershavebeenaroundformorethan100years.It startedin1886with JosephineCochrane,awomaninShelbyville,Illinois. Shewas arichwomanwhocouldafford servants towash herdishes,so she reallydidn’tmind thework. Whatshe did mind was thather servantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereveryparty the servants broke more ofherexpensive dishes.
Finally,Cochranetookaction.First,shemeasuredher dishesand bentwireintoracksto holdthem.Next,sheputtheracksonawheelinalargecopperboiler.Then,theboilersprayed
hot,soapywateronthedishesasamotorturnedthewheel.Afterahotwaterrinse(冲洗),the
dishes were clean!
JosephineCochrane’sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedherto build more. After that,wordgotout fast.Soonhotel andrestaurant ownerswhodidn’t likebroken dishesalsowereinterested. Cochranethen knew thatshehada wonderfulmachine,soshe received a patent fromthe government, which said thatonlythe inventor can make moneyfrom aninvention.Thenin1893ChicagoheldaWorld’sFairwhereinventionsfromalloverthe worldwereshown.Cochrane’slabor-savingmachinewasabighit.Herdishwasherwonthe highestaward.
Cochrane’scompany cameoutwithasmallermachinein1914.Itwassupposedtobefor theordinaryhome,butitwasn’tanimmediatesuccess.Many homescouldn’tproducethe extremely hotwateritneeded. Also,inmosthomes,dishwashingwasn’tconsideredvery difficultcomparedtomostotherhousework.Infactsomepeoplelikedtorelaxatthesinkafter ahardday!Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmore moneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.Nowmanyhomeshaveelectric dishwashersthataren’tvery differentfrom theone Josephine Cochraneinventedmorethan 100 years ago.
21.Whydid Josephine Cochrane invent the dishwasher?
A.Toavoid possible damage to the dishes.
B.To reduce thenumberof servants.
C.Tohostmore dinnerparties.
D.To make the dishes cleaner.
22.Whatdoes the underlined words inParagraph 3 suggest?
A.The machine wasn’tas efficientas described.
B.JosephineCochrane could no longerkeep ita secret.
C.The invention drew immediate attention of the public.
D.Josephine’s friends soonbegan to talk about the new machine.
23.The smallermachine became popularonlywhen .
A.people had more relaxing jobs B. hot water was notneeded
C. houseworkbecame easier D. people’s living conditions improved
