Ⅰ.阅读理解
Climate change will force exhausted birds migrating (迁徙) to Europe from Africa to travel further, according to a new study.
The annual voyage of some species, which fly north in search of food and suitable habitats, could increase by as much as 400 kilometres, the research found. “Marathon migrations for some birds are set to become even longer，” said Stephen Willis, a professor at Durham University in Britain and the main architect of the study. “This is bad news for birds like the Whitethroat, a common farmland bird. The added distance is a great threat. As temperatures rise and habitats change, birds will face their biggest challenge since the Pleistocene era, which ended 11,000 years ago，” he said in a statement.
About 500 million birds migrate each year from Africa, some weighing as little as nine grams. To complete a voyage that can be thousands of kilometres long, birds have to fatten themselves up to twice their normal weight. Some even shrink (收缩) their internal organs (内脏) to become more fuelefficient, so any additional distance may be dangerous.
The study, which is published in a journal, finds that from 2071 to 2100, 9 out of 17 species examined are going to face longer migrations, particularly birds that cross the Sahara Desert. Some birds traverse the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea in one go, while others have a break in northern Africa before crossing. Many fly at night, when temperatures are cooler.
A few birds — such as the Blackcap — have started to adapt by spending winters in Britain, but such behaviour is rare, the study says. The study predicts that the migration distance of the Orphean Warbler will jump from 2,700 kilometres to between 3,050 and 3,350 kilometres, with even longer increases for the Subalpine and Barred Warblers.
语篇解读：研究显示，由于全球变暖等气候的变化，一些候鸟被迫迁徙得更远。
1. Some birds migrate to Europe from Africa to .
A. find food and suitable habitats
B. avoid being caught by hunters
C. build new homes for their babies
D. escape from the crowded Africa
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“fly north in search of food and suitable habitats”可知，一些鸟迁徙是为了寻找食物和合适的栖息地。
2. To complete the marathon migrations, some birds have to do all of the following things EXCEPT .
A. becoming smaller
B. putting on more weight
C. reducing the size of their internal organs
D. flying at night when temperatures are cooler
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“birds have to fatten themselves up to twice their normal weight. Some even shrink their internal organs to become more fuelefficient”和第四段中的“Many fly at night, when temperatures are cooler”可知，一些候鸟为了完成马拉松式的迁徙路程需要做的事包括B、C、D三项，只有A项不符合。
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. About 500 million birds migrate each year from Africa.
B. 9 out of 17 bird species examined will face longer migrations in the next decade.
C. Most birds have started to spend winters in Britain except for the Blackcap.
D. The migration distance of the Subalpine and Barred Warblers will increase by 650 kilometres.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“About 500 million birds migrate each year from Africa”可知应选A。
4. The underlined word “traverse” in the fourth paragraph probably means “ ”.
A. live in B. leave for
C. cross D. visit
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“particularly birds that cross the Sahara Desert”可以猜测出traverse意为“横穿，横跨”。
