Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service.In 1912,he began to study a disease that was killing thousands of people in the South.The disease was pellagra(烟酸缺乏病).
Doctor Goldberger travelled to the state of Mississippi where many people had pellagra.He studied the patients and their families.Most of the people were poor.The doctor came to believe that the disease was not passed from one person to another,but instead had something to do with food.
He received agreement from state officials to test this idea at a prison(监狱).Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part.One group of prisoners received their usual food,mostly corn.A second group ate meat,fresh vegetables and milk.Members of the first group developed pellagra.The second group did not.
But some experts refused to accept that poor food caused pellagra.They thought there were other causes.
So Doctor Goldberger put blood(血液)from a person with pellagra into his own body.He even took pills that had blood from pellagra patients.An assistant also took part in the experiments.So did Doctor Goldberger’s wife.None of them got sick.Later,the doctor discovered that a bit of dried brewer’s yeast(酿酒的酵母)each day could prevent pellagra.
Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929.He was 55 years old.Several years later,researchers discovered the true cause of pellagra:having little of the vitamin B.
21.How old was Doctor Goldberger when he began to study pellagra?
A.22. B.30.
C.38. D.55.
答案C
解析数字计算题。从最后一段中的“JosephGoldbergerdiedofcancerin1929.Hewas55yearsold.”可计算出,约瑟夫·古德伯格出生于1874年,所以1912年研究烟酸缺乏病时,他38岁。
22.The underlined part “this idea”(in Paragraph 3)refers to .
A.the guess that pellagra had something to do with food
B.a kind of yeast that prevented pellagra
C.pellagra that was easily passed from one person to another
D.a poor food that caused pellagra
答案A
解析词义理解题。从第二段最后一句
“Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasewasnotpassedfromonepersontoanother,butinsteadhadsomethingtodowithfood.”以及第三段可知,这种想法指的是对这种疾病与食物有关的猜想。
23.Which is the right order about what Doctor Goldberger did?
a.He did a test on prisoners at a prison.
b.He did the experiments on himself.
c.He came to Mississippi to study the patients and their families.
d.He found poor food was easy to cause pellagra.
e.He discovered a little dried brewer’s yeast every day could prevent pellagra.
A.a,d,c,e,b B.c,a,d,b,e
C.b,e,c,a,d D.c,b,e,a,d
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第二、三、五段可知B项正确。
24.This passage mainly tells us .
A.Doctor Goldberger’s life
B.something about pellagra
C.Doctor Goldberger’s work experience
D.Doctor Goldberger’s study on pellagra
答案D
解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文介绍了约瑟夫·古德伯格医生对烟酸缺乏病的研究。
