A
(2019·山师附中模拟)Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet，or new plans to battle its effects.But the concept itself isn't new at all—in fact，scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.
The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824，when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth's temperature.Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid.As light shines through the glass，the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat.As Fourier's ideas spread，it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”．
Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect.Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along，did scientists understand how global warming actually works.After years of work，Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.
Arrhenius found that CO2，and other gases trap radiation，which warms the atmosphere.Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect.But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet.At a lecture later that year，Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”．
While Arrhenius' findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry，scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950，when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it.By the end of the 1950s，American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long－term consequences of climate change.Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect－still，maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。200年来科学家们一直在探索气候变化的问题。温室效应这个观点的提出可以追溯到1824年。瑞典化学家Arrhenius是第一位质疑燃烧煤会增加温室效应的人，并且在1903年获得诺贝尔化学奖。
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The atmosphere.
B．The greenhouse effect.
C．The climate change.
D．The heat from the sun.
【答案】 A 词义猜测题。根据第二段Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid：得知科学家Fourier得出结论大气层要为保存太阳发向地球的热量负责，把大气层描述成一个带着玻璃盖子的盒子。故选A。
2．When did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?
A．In 1903. B．In 1950.
C．200 years ago. D．By the end of 1950s.
【答案】 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段By the end of the 1950s，American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long－term consequences of climate change.得知到20世纪50年代美国科学家们才发现全球变暖的危害。故选D。
3．What's the author's attitude towards Arrhenius' wish?
A．Positive. B．Indifferent.
C．Supportive. D．Opposed.
【答案】 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段still，maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.得知作者对瑞典化学家Arrhenius的观点持有反对意见。故选D。
4．What's the main idea of the text?
A．Causes of climate change.
B．Effects of greenhouse gases.
C．Explorations on climate change.
D．Findings about global warming.
【答案】 C 主旨大意题。根据全文内容得知本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。故选C。
