C
Wearesurroundedbymixedmessagesaboutmistakes: we’retoldweearnbymakingthem，
butweworkhardtoavoidthem.Sotheresultisthatmostofusknowthatwearegoingtomakemistakes，
butdeepdown，wefeelweshouldn’t.
Experimentswithschoolchildrenwhodidwellonagiventestshowedthatthosewhowerepraisedforbeingsmartandthenofferedamorechallengingorlesschallengingtaskafterwardusuallychosetheeasierone.Ontheotherhand，
childrenpraisedfortryinghard—ratherthanbeingsmart—farmoreoftenselectedthemoredifficulttask.
Ifwetryhardtoavoidmistakes，
wearen’topentogettingtheinformationweneedinordertodobetter.Inawritingstudy，
experimentsshowedthatthosewhoweresoscaredtomakemistakesperformedworseinwritingtasksthanthosewhoweren’tworriedaboutbeingperfect.Theyfearedreceivinganykindofnegativefeedback，
sotheydidn’tlearnwheretheywentwrongandhowtogetbetter.
Wedon’tjustlearnmorewhenwe’reopentomistakes；
welearndeeper.Researchtellsusthatifwe’reonlyconcernedaboutgettingtherightanswer，
wedon’talwayslearntheunderlyingconceptsthathelpustrulyunderstandwhateverwe’retryingtofigureout.Mistakesneedtobeseennotasafailuretolearn，
butasaguidetowhatstillneedstobelearned.AsThomasEdisonsaid，“Iamnotdiscouraged，
becauseeveryabandonedwrongattemptisanotherstepforward.”
Furthermore，
weoftenmakemistakesbecausewetrynewthings—wewanderawayfromacceptedpaths.Teflon，
penicillin—theseareexamplesofgreatdiscoveriesmadebymistake.TakeapagefromAlbertEinstein，whosaid，“Anyonewhohasnevermadeamistakehasnevertriedanythingnew.”
28．Whatwillhappentostudentspraisedforbeingsmartinfaceofchoosingtaskscomparedtostudentspraisedforworkinghard?
A．Hewillchoosealesschallengingtask.
B．Hewillhidehismistakesfromhisteachers.
C．Hewillworkhardertoavoidmistakes.
D．Hewillaskhisteachersforadvice.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这样的学生会选择更容易的任务。故选A。
29．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacceptableaccordingtothepassage?
A．Themoremistakeswemake，themorewewilllearn.
B．Mistakescanbeusedasapositivefactorforsuccess.
C．Beingopentomistakeshelpsyouunderstandthetruth.
D．Astepforwardmaycomefrommistakesyou’vemade.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，当我们愿意接受错误时，我们不仅能学到更多，还能学得更深入。而不是说我们犯的错误越多，学到的就越更多，故A项错误。
30．Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?
A．Onemustfollowacorrectpathtoavoidmistakes.
B．TobecomeanEinstein，youshouldmakemistakes.
C．Youcan’tmakemistakesunlessyoutrynewthings.
D．Makingmistakesisnotadisadvantageinaway.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段特别是该段第二句可知，在某种程度上，犯错误并不是一个劣势。故选D。
31．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
A．Wecanneveravoidmakingmistakeswhenwework.
B．Successcan’tbeachievedwithoutmakingmistakes.
C．Mistakesshouldbetreatedwithacorrectattitude.
D．Tryeverymeanstoavoidmistakesinourdailylife.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第四段最后一句“Iamnotdiscouraged，becauseeveryabandonedwrongattemptisanotherstepforward.”(我没有丧失信心，因为每个被抛弃的错误的尝试都是向前的又一步)以及第五段最后一句
“Anyonewhohasnevermadeamistakehasnevertriedanythingnew.”可知，我们应该用正确的态度对待错误。故选C。
