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1.substitute n． 代替者，代用品
2.deny vt. 否认；拒绝给予/要求
3.sound adj. 健康的；健全的n. 声音
vt./vi. 响；听起来
4.circumstance n. 情况，现状；(pl.)环境
5.expand vt./vi.扩大；扩张，扩展；膨胀→expanse n．广阔；宽阔的区域
6.sense vt.感觉；意识到；理解；检测→sensory adj.感官的，知觉的
7.benefit vi.得益；vt.有益于n.益处；救济(保险)金→beneficial adj.有好处的；有用的，有益的
8.ambition n．抱负，雄心，野心→ambitious adj.有抱负的，野心勃勃的
9.valuable adj.贵重的，有价值的→value n．价值；重要性；(pl.)价值观vt.重视；评价
10.successful adj.成功的，有成就的；圆满的→success n．成功；成功的人或事→unsuccessful adj.不成功的，失败的→succeed vi.成功；继承
11.indicate vt.标示，指示，指出；表明，示意→indicator n．指示物，指示者→indication n．标示；象征
12.astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊→astonished adj.惊讶的→astonishing adj.使人大为惊奇的→astonishment n．吃惊；惊异
13.freeze vt./vi.(使)冻结，(使)结冰n.冻结；冰冻期→freezing adj.冰冻的，严寒的，冷冻用的→frozen adj.冰冻的
14.reflect vi.反省；深思；反映；反射→reflection n．反映，反射；表现；沉思
15.fluent adj.流利的，流畅的→fluently adv.流利地，流畅地→fluency n．流利，流畅
16.custom n．习惯，风俗，惯例；(pl.)海关，关税→customer n．顾客，主顾
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1.This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the people living in this area.For the benefit of more people, we should build more railways.(benefit)
2.The teacher advised me to improve the fluency of my spoken English, because I couldn’t speak English fluently.(fluent)
3.All the experts valued your advice; in other words, they thought your advice was valuable.(value)
4.The young man with great ambitions had an ambitious plan to build a school in the poor village.(ambition)
5.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.(success)
6.On a freezing morning the little match girl was found frozen to death at the corner of the street.(freeze)
7.The astonishing news made the world astonished,_and a great many people expressed their astonishment on the Internet.(astonish)
8.Before I make a decision, I need time to reflect,_so a week off will give me time for reflection.(reflect)
9.He indicated that an indicator should give me some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate)
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