Developing good team members certainly can’t happen overnight.Not having had the experience of being a member of a group in which their ideas and opinions are valued, team members usually aren’t prepared to __1__ speaking up, at least not at first.They need __2__， support and practice.They need to learn how to function in a participative group — one in which their ideas and information are valued and taken __3__.
To make it __4__ for team members to develop and reveal their full creative capacities, the successful organization needs to undertake a longterm effort to create a climate in which members feel __5__ to think, express their opinions and cooperate.It’s easier said than done.
Probably the single most important part in that climate is the leader’s __6__ and ability to listen with __7__ to the contributions of team members.The leader’s goal is not to influence or direct the group’s __8__ to go a certain way; it is to listen __9__ without evaluation and focus on truly __10__ the points of view of team members, __11__ they may differ markedly from the leader’s own.
Not only does this kind of listening __12__ group members that their contributions are of enough worth to be heard and understood by the __13__， it also facilitates (促进) the participation of others.As they become less defensive, more open, more articulate (表达清楚的), something equally __14__ happens.When they observe the leader listening patiently, they begin to listen to each other better.When __15__ arise, such team members are much more open to others’ __16__ and less intent on defending their own.
Even more effective than pure __17__ is explicit training which teaches team members how to __18__ their opinions, ideas and feelings whether positive or negative in a nonblameful, accepting way; how to listen in a nonjudgmental, __19__ way; and how to solve conflicts with others so both sides get their needs met.
The __20__ for the organization in both goodwill and higher productivity can be surprising.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何激发团队成员的积极性，打造融洽、高效的团队。
1．A.miss B．risk
C．stop D．avoid
解析：选B 如果此前没有在比较民主的团队中工作过的话，团队成员通常不会“冒险(risk)”毫无保留地表达自己的意见，至少刚开始时不会。
2．A.encouragement B．donation
C．explanation D．comment
解析：选A 团队成员需要“鼓励(encouragement)”、支持和实践才能勇于并学会公开表达自己的意见。
3．A.slowly B．briefly
C．badly D．seriously
解析：选D 在一个参与式的小组内部，成员的想法和信息会被重视并被“认真(seriously)”对待。
4．A.possible B．hard
C．necessary D．funny
解析：选A 要想使充分发挥团队成员的创造力变得“可能(possible)”，一个成功的组织需要付出长期的努力。
5．A.safe B．afraid
C．free D．sad
解析：选C 根据上文的“speaking up”可推断，一个成功的组织需要努力营造让成员“自由(free)”思考、表达和合作的氛围。
6．A.business B．advice
C．willingness D．dream
解析：选C 要营造好的团队氛围，最重要的是领导“愿意(willingness)”并且有能力带着“理解(understanding)”去倾听团队成员的意见。
7．A.understanding B．suggestion
C．imagining D．description
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
8．A.lecture B．discussion
C．action D．introduction
解析：选B 根据上文的“to listen ...to the contributions of team members”可推断，领导的目的不是影响或引导小组的“讨论(discussion)”向某个方向发展，而是真正去聆听成员的意见。
9．A.anxiously B．openly
C．casually D．secretly
解析：选B 领导应该“公开地(openly)”聆听成员们的意见，不随意评价。
10．A.supporting B．recording
C．changing D．hearing
解析：选D 领导应该集中精力于真正“听取(hearing)”成员们的意见，“尽管(though)”这些意见有可能与领导自己的意见截然不同。
11．A.since B．but
C．though D．and
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
12．A.remind B．teach
C．warn D．tell
解析：选D 领导的认真倾听“告诉(tell)”小组成员们他们的意见是值得被听取的。
13．A.follower B．listener
C．speaker D．leader
解析：选D 上文讲领导要认真听取成员们的意见，故此处应该是指“领导(leader)”。
14．A.important B．fortunate
C．interesting D．simple
解析：选A 对于团队建设而言，组内成员们能否清楚表达、坦率交流和领导能否真正听取成员们的意见同样“重要(important)”。
15．A.consequences B．conflicts
C．difficulties D．questions
解析：选B 根据下文的“less intent on defending their own”可知，此处是说当“冲突(conflicts)”出现时。
16．A.rights B．views
C．faults D．choices
解析：选B 团队成员们看到领导耐心倾听大家的意见后，自己也会更乐于听取他人的“见解(views)”。
17．A.criticizing B．praising
C．modeling D．correcting
解析：选C 根据上一段中的“When they observe the leader ...defending their own.”可知，上文说明了领导的榜样作用。比纯粹的“作榜样(modeling)”更有效的是明确的培训。
18．A.repeat B．forget
C．hide D．express
解析：选D 根据下文的“in a nonblameful, accepting way”可推断，培训应该教团队成员们如何“表达(express)”自己的观点、想法和感受。
19．A.respectful B．powerful
C．special D．doubtful
解析：选A 培训还应该教团队成员们以不带偏见且“有礼貌的(respectful)”方式倾听。
20．A.benefits B．comforts
C．challenges D．worries
解析：选A 通过榜样作用或培训营造和谐、高效的团队带给一个组织的“好处(benefits)”是惊人的。
