A
(2018湖北八校第二次联考)
Everyone should be so lucky as to have a friend like Francia Raisa. On Thursday,singer and actress Selena Gomez, 25, used Instagram to explain why she was “laying low” this summer. She posted a photo of herself in a hospital bed with her friend Francia Raisa holding hands. She said she recently received a kidney transplant from her best friend because of complications (并发症) from lupus (狼疮), an auto-immune disease, which means it is the result of the immune system attacking normal tissue, including the kidneys, brain, heart and lungs.
People with lupus may first experience tiredness, joint pain or a little bit of rash (皮疹) on their bodies and can go for a long time before their doctors realize it is more serious. Many people see two or four doctors before the real problem is picked up. According to Dr. Kyriakos Kirou, roughly a third to one-half of people with lupus develop kidney disease, and up to one in five of them will eventually need a transplant, sometimes because they weren’t treated with effective drugs to prevent the immune system from attacking the kidneys. Though Gomez said that she was “very well now”,she warned about the dangers of not taking medical diagnoses seriously, like she initially did.
Her Instagram post also called attention to two major health topics:the need for living organ donators and the fact that Gomez represents three groups more likely to be diagnosed with lupus and lupus-related kidney disease. Nine out of 10 people diagnosed with lupus are women, and most develop the disease between the ages of 15 to 44. And lupus is two to three times more common among women of color, including Hispanic women, according to the Lupus Foundation.
Raisa is Latina, and Gomez’s father is of Mexican origin. While it’s not essential that the organ donator and receiver be of the same ethnicity, people who share a similar ethnic background sometimes are better matched, according to data from the United Network for Organ Sharing.
1.What can we learn about Francia Raisa?
A.She is lucky. B.She is selfless.
C.She is optimistic. D.She is encouraging.
2.What is lupus like at its early stage?
A.It is deadly. B.It is hard to recognize.
C.Its symptoms are psychological. D.It reminds you of a kidney disease.
3.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.People with lupus. B.Colored women lupus patients.
C.Lupus patients with kidney disease. D.Women between the ages of 15 to 44.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A.Raisa and Gomez have a similar background.
B.Gomez has fully recovered thanks to the kidney from Raisa.
C.It is vital for the donator and receiver to be of the same race.
D.The organ from the donator of the same race matches the receiver better.
语篇解读:本文通过赛琳娜·戈麦斯因患狼疮病而导致出现并发症,最后接受肾脏移植的事情,介绍了狼疮病的早期症状、可能引起的并发症以及最后导致器官移植的可能性等。
答案及剖析:
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Everyone should be so lucky as to have a friend like Francia Raisa.和She said she recently received a kidney transplant from her best friend...可知,戈麦斯进行肾脏移植时,所需的器官是她的好朋友弗朗西亚·赖莎捐献的,由此可见弗朗西亚·赖莎非常无私。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句People with lupus may first experience tiredness,joint pain or a little bit of rash on their bodies and can go for a long time before their doctors realize it is more serious.可知,狼疮病早期的症状与一般疾病的症状类似,难以被诊断发现。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句According to Dr.Kyriakos Kirou,roughly a third to one-half of people with lupus develop kidney disease,and up to one in five of them will eventually need a transplant的结构可知,and表示顺承关系,因此them指代的是people with lupus develop kidney disease。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的people who share a similar ethnic background sometimes are better matched可知,相同种族的捐献者的器官和患者匹配得更好。
