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Could the device, smartphone or PC, which you're using affect the moral decisions you make when using it? To test it, researchers presented multiple dilemmas to a sample set of 1,010 people． The participants were assigned a device at random．
One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic “trolley (有轨电车) problem”： A runaway trolley is headed towards five people tied up on a set of train tracks． You can do nothing, resulting in the deaths of five people, or push a man off a bridge, which will stop the trolley． The practical response is to kill one man to save five lives, which 33．5 percent of smartphone users chose, compared to 22．3 percent of PC users．
“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma，” Dr Albert BarqueDuran, the lead author of the study, told City University of London． “This could be due to the increased time pressure often present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs．”
As for why the researchers started this study, Dr BarqueDuran noted, “Due to the fact that our social lives, work and even shopping take place online, it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behavior have changed, and the impact this could have on the hundreds of millions of people who use such devices daily．” It's clear that we need more research on how our devices affect our moral decisionmaking because we're using screens at an everincreasing rate．
1．Why did the author mention the trolley problem?
A．To introduce a difficult problem to readers．
B．To introduce the aim of carrying out the study．
C．To show an example of the questions in the study．
D．To show the difficulty in dealing with dilemmas．
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic ‘trolley (有轨电车) problem’”可以推断出，作者提及到电车问题，只是展示了研究的问题中的一个例子。故选C。
2．How do the smartphone users of the study behave in dealing with emotional dilemmas?
A．Calmly． B．Cruelly．
C．Hesitantly． D．Enthusiastically．
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma”可知，对于情感困境，手机使用者更能够镇定地处理。故选A。
3．Dr Albert believes that compared with PCs, smartphones ________．
A．help people bear more pressure
B．help people make decisions quicker
C．make people feel more mentally distant
D．make people stay happier to solve problems
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，与电脑相比较，手机更使人感到心理上的疏远。故选C。
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．Shopping online has a great effect on making moral decisions．
B．The people using smartphones are more than those using PCs．
C．People who often use smartphones or PCs always meet with dilemmas．
D．It is common for people to be involved in making moral decisions in daily life．
答案：D 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，研究者进行研究的目的是为了证明这些设备是否影响道德决策，而且全文最后一句指出还须进行更多的研究，故排除A；文中未提出使用手机的人比使用电脑的人多，故排除B；由全文内容，尤其是第一段第一句可知，道德决策不仅存在于手机用户和电脑用户之间，只不过本文是在研究使用这些设备是否对道德决策有影响，故排除C。
