(2019·武汉调研)When I graduated from the University of Iowa last year，I did something my friends did not understand.I left Iowa，where I had friends and stability，to live on a small houseboat near San Francisco.At school，I had found a job driving a school bus so people asked，“Why on earth are you leaving？”
Well，at graduation I was presented with two things—a degree in psychology and a question.It was the same one that many in my generation got：“What do I do now？”It was as difficult as it was common.That's because many people at my age were raised with the same words，repeated over and over by parents，teachers and TV，that“you can be whatever you want to be”．As a young boy，every time when I was puzzled about my future，they would say that they would be happy if I was happy.However，what I needed was concrete advice but not a vague idea，for example，“be a doctor，or be a bus driver”．
My experience was by no means universal.Many Americans are taught by their parents that the only purpose in life is to attain money and power.As a goal，this seems much easier and clearer than finding“happiness”or“gentleness”．The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill，rather assuming that something would magically happen to overcome their problems.They often get a real shock when they enter the“real world”and find that their options are very limited.Many of my friends have taken jobs as waiters or cooks after graduating，or have moved back in with their parents.
My life on the boat is hard at times，especially during storms.But this is my small attempt to be happy on my own.I'm not buying into my nation's idea of limitless possibilities because I feel that stops the growth of many of today's youth.
【语篇解读】 本文是文化教育类夹叙夹议文。作者用自身的经历指出当今美国的一个社会问题：青少年需要父母更为具体的引导和教育，让他们知道自己将来具体想要做什么，而不是简单地告诉他们“成为你想成为的人”。
1．Why were the friends confused about the writer's leaving?
A．He was tired of driving.
B．He suddenly quit school.
C．He would lose his friends.
D．He would lead a changing life.
D [推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词confused定位到文章第一段中的“I did something my friends did not understand.I left Iowa，where I had friends and stability，to live on a small houseboat near San Francisco”可知，作者离开了艾奥瓦州，那里有他的朋友，有稳定的工作，但他去了旧金山附近的一个船屋，开始自己一种新的生活，他的朋友们对他的这种做法很不理解，故答案是D。]
2．What does the writer think of the guidance he got from American society?
A．It's specific. B．It's wrong.
C．It's general. D．It's correct.
C [推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词guidance定位到文章的第二段，这一段讲述了作者对于来自他人的指导的想法；根据第二段内容，尤其是其中的“what I needed was concrete advice but not a vague idea”可知，作者想要的是具体的建议，故可推知他认为他得到的指导是宽泛的，故答案是C。]
3．What directly caused a lot of Americans to have jobs lower than their expectations?
A．Their achievable goals.
B．The practical guidance.
C．Being shocked by the real world.
D．Lacking professional competence.
D [细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“jobs lower than their expectations”定位到文章第三段最后一句“Many of my friends have taken jobs as waiters or cooks after graduating，or have moved back in with their parents”(我的很多朋友在毕业后都当了服务生或厨师，或者搬回去跟父母住在一起)，上文分析了导致这种情况的原因“The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill”，也就是说，父母的这种教育方式导致很多孩子没有去认真学习专业技能。故答案是D。]
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Stay where you are
B．Be whatever you want to be
C．Blind faith in industrial society
D．Mistaken belief in limitless possibilities
D [主旨大意题。文章主要阐述了作者指出当前美国的一个社会问题：父母没有给孩子提出具体的、明确的建议，教育其孩子把钱和权力当成了生活的唯一目标，这导致很多孩子没有去认真学习专业技能，在走上社会之后受到了影响，只能去做一些很低层次的工作。根据最后一段中的“I'm not buying...today's youth”可知，作者批评了这种教育方式，并且不再相信美国社会的“无限可能”的信念。所以答案是D。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·辽宁五校联考)Many people find it hard to lose weight and have to go starvation.Now，I'd like to offer some tricks to help lose weight.
Put out a large vegetable plate.Eating waterrich foods such as tomatoes during meals reduces calorie absorption.Other waterrich foods include soups and salads. 1 Because the body processes hunger and thirst through different systems，it simply doesn't register a sense of fullness with water(or tea，coffee or juice)．
Downsize your dinner plates.The less food put in front of you，the less food you'll eat.So instead of using standard dinner plates，serve your main course on salad plates. 2 Instead of large glasses and coffee mugs，return to the old days of cups and even smaller coffee cups.
Serve your dinner restaurantstyle(with food already on the plates) rather than familystyle(where the food is served in bowls on the table)． 3 There's no reaching for seconds.
4 You're more likely to eat more and eat more highfat，high calorie foods—when you eat out than when you eat at home.
Eat slowly and calmly. 5 Vary your eating with stories of the interesting things that happened during your day.Your brain is behind your stomach by about 20 minutes when it comes to fullness signals.If you eat slowly enough，your brain will catch up and tell you that you no longer need food.Serving separate courses will also slow you down.
A．The same goes for liquids.
B．Eat 90 percent of your meals at home.
C．When your plate is empty，you've finished.
D．Put your fork or spoon down between every bite.
E．Be sure to choose a highfiber，lowsugar variety of food.
F．You won't get the same benefits by just drinking water，though.
G．You should eat equal amounts of vegetables and grains at dinner.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了减肥的五个窍门，涉及吃什么、吃多少、怎么吃等。
1．F [上文讲的是，在吃饭的时候要吃些富含水分的食物，这样会减少热量的吸收，下文讲的是只喝水是不会让人有饱的感觉的，上下文之间是逻辑上的转折关系，所以空处要表达的是“但是，只是喝水是不会有同样的益处(减少热量的吸收)的”，所以选F。]
2．A [上文讲的是，要用小盘子来装食物，下文讲的是，要用小杯子来喝咖啡等，上下文之间是逻辑上的递进关系，而选项A的意思是“喝液体也是同样的道理”，所以选A。]
3．C [上文讲的是要用在餐馆里的方式来吃饭，不要用在家里的方式来吃饭，下文进一步解释了在餐馆里吃饭的方式对减肥的好处：当你的盘子空了，你就吃完了，不会再有饭菜让你吃了。下文是在进一步解释上文，所以选C。]
4．B [出现在句首的句子通常为段落主题句，下文讲的是，如果你在餐馆里吃饭，很可能吃的更多，而且，餐馆里的饭菜脂肪高且热量高。因此，开头要表达的意思就是“要尽量在家里吃饭”，所以选B。]
5．D [本段的大意是“吃饭要缓慢、平静”，接下来讲的就应该是与主题“慢”相关的句子，所以，选项D“每次吃一口，就把刀叉放下”正确。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·成都诊断)If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu，they'll probably ask if you've tried hot pot.Everyone 1. ，and trying it should be a 2. (fix) part of everyone's culinary tour of Sichuan.(live) here seems to love it
Hot pot restaurants can 3. (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu，but the quality and taste can vary hugely.
When you do go for hot pot，you will often be asked to make a 4. 食材)．If you're 5. ，the traditional oily spicy broth might be just the thing you're after.But 6. ，you'd better choose a nonspicy broth，or 7. you haven't yet fully adapted to the local taste(adventure) and up for a challenge(choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients(
(go) for a less spicy option.Bear 8. mind that some broths like the tomato，mushroom or northern style will not be on offer at every restaurant.
Half spicy and half clear broth is 9. (ready) available at most restaurants；these pots either come divided down the middle like a giant yin and yang，or with 10. ，but want to have a try，ask for yuanyangguo. separate smaller pot of clear broth in the middle.If you can't bear too much chili and oil
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了成都的特色饮食——火锅。
1．living [考查非谓语动词。live和句子谓语seems之间没有连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，且动词live和句子主语Everyone构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。]
2．fixed [考查非谓语动词。空处和句子谓语动词之间没有连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，又因动词fix和其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。]
3．be found [考查动词语态。动词find和句子主语Hot pot restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。]
4．choice [考查词形转换。根据空前的a和空后的of可知空处应填名词的单数形式。]
5．adventurous [考查形容词。根据空前的you're可知，此处应用形容词adventurous作表语。]
6．if/when [考查连词。根据语境可知，空处可用if引导条件状语从句，表示对情况的假设；也可用when来引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。]
7．go [考查动词。根据连词or可知，此处go和动词choose是并列关系，故用动词原形形式。had better do sth.“最好做某事”。]
8．in [考查介词。bear(sth.)in mind意为“记住某事”，为固定搭配，故用介词in。]
9．readily [考查副词。空处修饰形容词应用副词，故填readily，在句子中作状语。]
10．a [考查冠词。pot是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，又因separate的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。]
