A
(2019·昆明质量检测)Bats are the only mammals(哺乳动物) that can fly a long distance，but they have another ability.Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size.European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long.They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
Last week，the group of scientists said they had discovered important biological qualities in some bat species.The group studied bat chromosomes(染色体)．The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes.They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides.The scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down.They say this is what causes aging.
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species.The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years.Of these animals，the greater mouseeared bat generally lived an average of 37 years.The scientists said it had telomeres that did not shorten with age.Another Myotis hold the record for oldest age，reaching 41 years.The scientists' findings suggest that these bats' cells have the ability to keep and repair their telomeres.This，they said，helps guard against the aging process.
Based on its body size，a bat like the greater mouseeared bat would be expected to live four years.But，these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that.The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered.18 of these are bats.The only exception is an unusual African rat.
【语篇解读】 该文是一篇研究性实验报告。欧洲研究人员通过研究蝙蝠来了解它们长寿的原因。
1．What decides bats' aging process according to the text?
A．The length of telomeres.
B．The body size of the bat.
C．The types of chromosomes.
D．The building of cells.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes.They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides.The scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down.They say this is what causes aging”可知，科学家们对连接到染色体末端的结构最感兴趣。它们被称为端粒，每次细胞分裂时它会缩短。科学家们相信这个缩短的过程会导致细胞分裂。他们说这是导致变老的原因，由此可知，端粒的长度决定了蝙蝠变老的过程。故选A。]
2．How long does a greater mouseeared bat generally live?
A．19 years. B．37 years.
C．41 years. D．60 years.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Of these animals，the greater mouseeared bat generally lived an average of 37 years”可知，在这些动物中，通常大鼠耳蝠的平均寿命为37岁。故选B。]
3．We can learn from the text that .
A．the scientists have studied bats for more than six decades
B．19 kinds of bats could live longer than humans
C．the bats studied in the research are of the same species
D．researchers focus on finding out why humans live long
A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species.The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years”可知，欧洲的研究人员研究了四种蝙蝠中的493只蝙蝠。该组研究人员使用了超过60年间收集的信息。故可推断出选项A的表述“the scientists have studied bats for more than six decades(科学家们对蝙蝠进行了60多年的研究)”是正确的。]
4．In which column of a magazine can you read the text?
A．Lifestyle. B．Business.
C．Science. D．Fashion.
C [推理判断题。本文是对蝙蝠长寿原因的探究并且研究人员都是科学家，所以应该是在杂志中科研方面的专栏，所以选项C是正确的。]
